Assessment of the efficacy of olopatadine 0.1% in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in terms of clinical improvement based on total ocular symptom score and ocular surface disease index

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to explore the efficacy of olopatadine 0.1% treatment in the resolution of symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) among the Indian population. Methods: This single?center, prospective cohort study involved 234 patients with VKC. Patients were treated with olopatadine 0.1%, twice daily for a period of 12 weeks and then followed up in 1st week, 4th week, 3rd month, and 6th month. The extent of relief in the symptoms of VKC was measured using total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Results: In the present study, the dropout rate was 5.6%. Total of 136 males and 85 females with a mean age of 37.68 ± 11.35 years completed the study. TOSS score reduced from 58.85 to 5.06 and the OSDI score reduced from 75.41 to 11.2 with statistical significance (P < 0.01) from 1st week to 6th week after olopatadine 0.1% treatment. The data showed relief in subjective symptoms of itching, tearing, and redness, and relief in discomfort in functions related to ocular grittiness, visuals like reading, and environmental like tolerability in dry conditions. Further, olopatadine 0.1% was effective in both males and females, and patients across ages 18–70 years. Conclusion: Based on TOSS and OSDI scores, the findings of this study validate safety and tolerability as revealed by low adverse effects and moderate efficacy of olopatadine 0.1% in reducing VKC symptoms in a broader age group (18–70 years) of both genders.

Spectral analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of bioactive principles from the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius, a common tree of Jazan, Saudi Arabia / Análise espectral, citotoxicidade in vitro e estudos antibacterianos de princípios bioativos das folhas de Conocarpus lancifolius, uma árvore comum de Jazan, Arábia Saudita

Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyse the bioactive compounds of the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). The GC-MS analysis of the hot methanolic extract of the leaves (HMEL) of C. lancifolius exhibited the bioactive compounds such as 1-(3-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzyl) iso quinoline, morphin-4-ol-6,7-dione, 1-bromo-N-methyl-, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 2,2':4',2"-terthiophene, ethyl iso-allocholate, caryophyllene oxide, campesterol, epiglobulol, cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3á,5à)-, dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) and oleic acid, eicosyl ester. The FT-IR analysis of HMEL of C. lancifolius showed a unique peak at 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-1 representing coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. The HMEL of C. lancifolius was actively inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 72.66 ± 8.21 µg/ml as IC50 value. The HMEL of C. lancifolius also revealed a good spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures screened in this work. The activity observed has shown more or less similar effects against screened bacteria. However, the magnitude of potentiality was significantly lesser compared to standard ciprofloxacin disc at p< 0.001 level (99% confidence intervals). Furthermore, the study demonstrating the bioactive compounds can be isolated from the leaves of C. lancifolius.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os compostos bioativos das folhas de Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). A análise por GC-MS do extrato metanólico quente das folhas (HMEL) de C. lancifolius exibiu os compostos bioativos como 1- (3-Metoxi-2-nitrobenzil) isoquinolina, morfina-4-ol-6,7- diona, 1-bromo-N-metil-, fitol, ácido hexadecanoico, 2,3-di-hidroxipropil éster, 2,2 ': 4', 2 " - tertiofeno, isoalocolato de etil, óxido de cariofileno, campesterol, epiglobulol, colestano -3-ol, 2-metileno-, (3á, 5à) -, dasycarpidan-1-metanol, acetato (éster) e ácido oleico, éster eicosílico. A análise FT-IR de HMEL de C. lancifolius mostrou um pico único em 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-1 representando ácido cumarico, ácido clorogênico e ácido ferúlico. O HMEL de C. lancifolius inibiu ativamente a proliferação de células de câncer de mama MCF-7 ATCC na concentração de 72,66 ± 8,21 µg / ml como valor de IC50. O HMEL de C. lancifolius também revelou bom espectro de atividade contra culturas de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas rastreadas neste trabalho. A atividade observada mostrou efeitos mais ou menos semelhantes contra bactérias rastreadas. No entanto, a magnitude da potencialidade foi significativamente menor em comparação com o disco de ciprofloxacina padrão em nível de p < 0,001 (intervalos de confiança de 99%). Além disso, o estudo demonstrando os compostos bioativos pode ser isolado das folhas de C. lancifolius.

Spectral analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of bioactive principles from the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius, a common tree of Jazan, Saudi Arabia / Análise espectral, citotoxicidade in vitro e estudos antibacterianos de princípios bioativos das folhas de Conocarpus lancifolius, uma árvore comum de Jazan, Arábia Saudita

The objective of the present study was to analyse the bioactive compounds of the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). The GC-MS analysis of the hot methanolic extract of the leaves (HMEL) of C. lancifolius exhibited the bioactive compounds such as 1-(3-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzyl) iso quinoline, morphin-4-ol-6,7-dione, 1-bromo N-methyl-, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 2,2’:4’,2”-terthiophene, ethyl iso-allocholate, caryophyllene oxide, campesterol, epiglobulol, cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3á,5à)-, dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) and oleic acid, eicosyl ester. The FT-IR analysis of HMEL of C. lancifolius showed a unique peak at 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-¹ representing coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. The HMEL of C. lancifolius was actively inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 72.66 ± 8.21 µg/ml as IC50 value. The HMEL of C. lancifolius also revealed a good spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram negative bacterial cultures screened in this work. The activity observed has shown more or less similar effects against screened bacteria. However, the magnitude of potentiality was significantly lesser compared to standard ciprofloxacin disc at p< 0.001 level (99% confidence intervals). Furthermore, the study demonstrating the bioactive compounds can be isolated from the leaves of C. lancifolius.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os compostos bioativos das folhas de Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). A análise por GC-MS do extrato metanólico quente das folhas (HMEL) de C. lancifolius exibiu os compostos bioativos como 1- (3-Metoxi-2-nitrobenzil) isoquinolina, morfina-4-ol-6,7- diona, 1-bromo-N-metil-, fitol, ácido hexadecanoico, 2,3-di-hidroxipropil éster, 2,2 ‘: 4’, 2 ” - tertiofeno, isoalocolato de etil, óxido de cariofileno, campesterol, epiglobulol, colestano -3-ol, 2-metileno-, (3á, 5à) -, dasycarpidan-1-metanol, acetato (éster) e ácido oleico, éster eicosílico. A análise FT-IR de HMEL de C. lancifolius mostrou um pico único em 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-¹ representando ácido cumarico, ácido clorogênico e ácido ferúlico. O HMEL de C. lancifolius inibiu ativamente a proliferação de células de câncer de mama MCF-7 ATCC na concentração de 72,66 ± 8,21 µg/ml como valor de IC50. O HMEL de C. lancifolius também revelou bom espectro de atividade contra culturas de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas rastreadas neste trabalho. A atividade observada mostrou efeitos mais ou menos semelhantes contra bactérias rastreadas. No entanto, a magnitude da potencialidade foi significativamente menor em comparação com o disco de ciprofloxacina padrão em nível de p < 0,001 (intervalos de confiança de 99%). Além disso, o estudo demonstrando os compostos bioativos pode ser isolado das folhas de C. lancifolius.

Spectral analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of bioactive principles from the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius, a common tree of Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyse the bioactive compounds of the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). The GC-MS analysis of the hot methanolic extract of the leaves (HMEL) of C. lancifolius exhibited the bioactive compounds such as 1-(3-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzyl) iso quinoline, morphin-4-ol-6,7-dione, 1-bromo-N-methyl-, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 2,2':4',2-terthiophene, ethyl iso-allocholate, caryophyllene oxide, campesterol, epiglobulol, cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3á,5à)-, dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) and oleic acid, eicosyl ester. The FT-IR analysis of HMEL of C. lancifolius showed a unique peak at 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-1 representing coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. The HMEL of C. lancifolius was actively inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 72.66 ± 8.21 µg/ml as IC50 value. The HMEL of C. lancifolius also revealed a good spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures screened in this work. The activity observed has shown more or less similar effects against screened bacteria. However, the magnitude of potentiality was significantly lesser compared to standard ciprofloxacin disc at p 0.001 level (99% confidence intervals). Furthermore, the study demonstrating the bioactive compounds can be isolated from the leaves of C. lancifolius.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os compostos bioativos das folhas de Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). A análise por GC-MS do extrato metanólico quente das folhas (HMEL) de C. lancifolius exibiu os compostos bioativos como 1- (3-Metoxi-2-nitrobenzil) isoquinolina, morfina-4-ol-6,7- diona, 1-bromo-N-metil-, fitol, ácido hexadecanoico, 2,3-di-hidroxipropil éster, 2,2 ': 4', 2 - tertiofeno, isoalocolato de etil, óxido de cariofileno, campesterol, epiglobulol, colestano -3-ol, 2-metileno-, (3á, 5à) -, dasycarpidan-1-metanol, acetato (éster) e ácido oleico, éster eicosílico. A análise FT-IR de HMEL de C. lancifolius mostrou um pico único em 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-1 representando ácido cumarico, ácido clorogênico e ácido ferúlico. O HMEL de C. lancifolius inibiu ativamente a proliferação de células de câncer de mama MCF-7 ATCC na concentração de 72,66 ± 8,21 µg / ml como valor de IC50. O HMEL de C. lancifolius também revelou bom espectro de atividade contra culturas de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas rastreadas neste trabalho. A atividade observada mostrou efeitos mais ou menos semelhantes contra bactérias rastreadas. No entanto, a magnitude da potencialidade foi significativamente menor em comparação com o disco de ciprofloxacina padrão em nível de p 0,001 (intervalos de confiança de 99%). Além disso, o estudo demonstrando os compostos bioativos pode ser isolado das folhas de C. lancifolius.

Screening of different Pseudomonas and Bacillus Spp. for production of L-glutamic acid and impact of their cell-free filtrate on growth and yield of brinjal (Solanum melongena)

Amino acids can play a different role in plants such as nitrogen source, hormonal precursor, and stress reducingagents. L-glutamic acid is involved in several plant metabolic processes. The objectives of present work were toevaluate the L-glutamic acid production by different agriculturally important Pseudomonas and Bacillus speciesand to determine the effects of L-glutamic acid containing cell-free filtrate on the growth and yield of brinjal. Anexperiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design. Out of eight different strains of Pseudomonas,the highest L glutamic acid was detected in Pseudomonas fluorescens 128 (1.397 g/l) followed by P. fluorescensNSPL07 (1.073 g/l) and Pseudomonas striata RCOF153 (0.563 g/l). Similarly, out of six different species ofBacillus, moderate L-glutamic acid was detected in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MTCC10439. (0.232 g/l). Thegrowth stimulatory effects of L glutamic acid containing filtrate (200 ppm) were also studied and it was found that allgrowth parameters of brinjal (plant height, fruits per plant, fruit yield, etc.) improved significantly. Results indicatedthat bacterial secretion containing L-glutamic acid along with other amino acids has biostimulatory effects and itshould be used to enhance the plant growth and yield.

Pachydrusen in Indian population: A hospital-based study

Purpose: To report the prevalence of pachydrusen in Indian population and their characteristics in relation to subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in comparison to eyes with soft drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving patients with a diagnosis of dry AMD in at least one eye. The diagnosis of soft drusen, SDD, and pachydrusen was made on the basis of color fundus photograph and optical coherence tomography (OCT). SFCT and CVI was calculated and compared among the different subtypes of drusen. Results: A total of 169 eyes (143 dry and 26 wet AMD) of 85 patients with a mean age of 67.67 ± 9.57 years were included. In eyes with dry AMD, pachydrusen were seen in 12 eyes (8.4%) with a mean (±SD) SFCT of 289.66 ± 91.01 ?. The difference in SFCT was statistically significant (P = 0.001) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The eyes with pachydrusen had significantly thickened choroid compared to the eyes with SDD (30 eyes; 21.0%) or combination of soft drusen and SDD (29 eyes; 20.3%) but not soft drusen (72 eyes; 50.3%). The difference of CVI in different subgroups was significant (P = 0.03). One eye in wet AMD group had concurrent pachydrusen. Comparison of SFCT and CVI in wet AMD and fellow dry AMD eyes were not significant. Conclusion: In Indian eyes with dry AMD, prevalence of pachydrusen (8.4%) is slightly lower compared to western literature (11.7%) and is associated with thicker choroid and higher CVI.

Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis-B Virus In Kumaun Region Of Uttarakhand

Background: Hepatitis B virus is a partially double-stranded circular DNAvirus and is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family. The virus consists of a core capsid which contains viral DNA and this is surrounded by an envelope containing surface antigen (HBsAg). Both whole, incomplete virus particles, consisting entirely of HBsAg, are produced during replication of HBV. The HBsAg particles vary greatly in morphology and are found in high concentrations in early acute infection and continue to be produced in chronic disease.1 Objective: To evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among patients in a tertiary care health centre of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. Materials and methods:The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in 37169 patients of all age groups and gender (19430 females and 17739 males) who required blood investigations for different medical reasons. Blood samples collected during January 2017 to August 2018, were tested for HBsAg using a sandwich ELISAbased immunochromatic test. Results: Of the 37169 patients tested, 719 (1.93%) were positive for HBsAg. Out of these, 387(53.82%) were females and 332 (46.18%) were males. The results revealed that hepatitis B infection was highest in age group of 21-30 years of age. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that screening tests can be pivotal in identifying HBsAg and it is advocated that a program for education, vaccination and prophylaxis must be implemented in all health care set ups.

Cancer trends in India: A review of population-based cancer registries (2005–2014)

There is a constant rise in cancer cases, but the trends and pattern vary according to the geographical region. The aim of this brief research was to present an update of all cancer incidences through age-adjusted rates and their changes in different regions of the country. The data for this study were obtained from published reports of 28 population-based cancer registries (2005–2014) in India. Among males, currently, East/Northeast region ranked first, on the basis of incidence of cancer cases. Out of 28 registries, 11 registries encountered lung cancer as the leading site. Currently, East/Northeast regions were ranked first on the basis of incidence of cancer cases among females. Our study showed that 20 registries among the 28 had breast cancer as the leading one. Thus, the present overview revealed that all cancers in both males and females are consistent and had a high incidence in East/Northeast region of the country.

A comparative study of the effect of amikacin administered through autoinjector and manual injection on biochemical parameters in rats.

Objective: The objective was to compare the biochemical changes of amikacin by autoinjector delivery and manual injection in rats. Materials and Methods: Amikacin drug cartridge (500 mg/2 mL) for autoinjectors was diluted to 63 mg/mL and rats were administered 1.2 mL, i.p. One group was given 3 and a second group 7 injection on consecutive days. 3 and 7 days manual injection of same dose of amikacin (about 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and a control group (saline) were also included (total 5 groups). On day 4 or 8 biochemical parameters were studied. Results: Significant increase in urea, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in 7 days administration in both autoinjector and manual injection groups compared to control group. All other parameters viz., glucose, cholesterol, total triglycerides, bilirubin, uric acid, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase did not show any significant change. No significant change was observed in 3 days administration groups. Conclusion: High dose of amikacin for longer duration is known for its nephrotoxicity which is evidenced by the increase in urea and creatinine in both autoinjector and manual injection groups. This study shows that autoinjector device for amikacin which is new can be considered for further research work.

Inguinal Swellings Mimicking Hernia in Females: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Inguinal hernia results from the failure of embryonic closure of the deep inguinal ring and is the most common cause of swelling in the groin region. However, an inguinal hernia is not the only cause for swelling in that region. Objectives: The main aim and objective of this study were to evaluate female patients with swellings in the inguinal region in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, age distribution, and differential diagnosis. Methods: The present clinical study was carried out at the Department of General Surgery; Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shimoga from March 2014 to March 2015. All the patients were thoroughly investigated, and surgical procedures were done. Results: Among the 10 cases studied, 6 cases were the regular inguinal hernia and the rest 4 cases were a subcutaneous lipoma. The ultrasonography of the part had revealed it has hernias. Surgical procedures were done and specimens obtained were sent to histopathological examination. Conclusion: The present study reveals that all inguinal swellings need not be a hernia and it can be due to other causes also and ultrasonography of the part is not the conclusive diagnostic tool.

Scleroderma overlap syndrome with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary artery hypertension

Scleroderma overlap syndrome is a rare condition that presents as two or more connective tissue disorders in the same patient. Some of these connective tissue diseases are associated with a specific autoantibody profile, while others do not show any serological association. We report a case of a patient with scleroderma overlap syndrome who presented with fever, breathlessness, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, anaemia and clinical manifestations of systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The patient's laboratory results were strongly positive for antinuclear antibody [ANA] and anti-topoisomerase-1 antibody and seropositive for rheumatic fever and CCP antibodies

A study of triple negative breast carcinomas.

Aim and objectives: To show the incidence of triple negative breast carcinomas in the younger age group (20-40 years) in the study sample and to establish a correlation between expression patterns of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 /neu with tumour histopathology of breast carcinoma. Material and methods: A 5 years study, 2 years restopective and 3 years prospective was conducted in Mahatama Gandhi Memorial hospital, Warangal, from 2009 to 2014 on triple negative breast carcinomas. All the mastectomy specimens, received in the pathology Department during this period were considered. Results: Total of 28 cases of carcinoma breast in females diagnosed histopathologically, were included in the study. In the present study, the patients were in the age group of 20-40 years Since most carcinomaS in this age group are triple negative. most of the tumours werte of size > 5 cm, 12 cases (43%), followed by 10 cases (36%) of size 2-5 cm. Total 20 (71.4%) were IDC (NOS), followed by 4 (14.2%) were Medullary carcinomas and 2 (7.1%) cases of ILC and each 1 (3.6%) case of tubular and Mucinous carcinomas. Histopathological grading was done according to Modified Bloom Richardson grading and found that 11 (39.3%) were of grade II followed by 5 (17.9%) cases were grede lll,4 cases were of grade I and 8 cases were inassessible. ER and PR were positive in 61% and 47% of tumors respectively. HER-2 over expression was seen in 36% of tumors and was negative in 64% of tumours. Triple negative carcinomas were 4 out of 28 cases, of which 3 were IDC (NOS) and 1 was medullary carcinoma. Triple negative carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: ER, PR and HER-2 status correlates well with histopathological grading and other clinico-pathological parameters. Higher grade is associated with HER-2 positivity and ER/PR negativity,larger tumor size, lympho-vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and higher clinical stage.

Epidemiological and clinical pattern of dermatomycoses in rural India.

Superfi cial fungal infections are most common in tropical and subtropical countries. In this study, 297 suspected superfi cial fungal infection cases were identifi ed among 15,950 patients screened. The collected samples (skin, nail, and hair) were subjected to direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide and cultured on Sabourauds dextrose agar to identify the fungal species. The prevalence of superfi cial fungal infection was 27.6% (82/297), dermatophytosis was 75.6% (62/82), and non-dermatophytosis was 24.4% (20/82). Among the isolated dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest species (79%) and Candida (60%) the commonest non-dermatophytic species. Tinea corporis was the commonest (78%) clinical presentation.

Appendicitis in pregnancy: management.

Background: Acute appendicitis is an infrequent, yet one of the commonest surgical emergency encountered in pregnancy. Recorded incidence is about 1:1500 pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with prenatal outcome in acute appendicitis during second and third trimester pregnancies. Open access surgery was done due to non-availability of laparoscopy. Methods: A total of 10 pregnant women who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis between Jan 2011 to Jan 2013 were presented and 7 of them operated by open access surgery. Results: Seven pregnant women who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis were operated upon during late pregnancy. The interval between symptom onset and surgery was the only predictive variable. A longer interval between symptom onset and surgery was associated with appendix perforation than with no appendix perforation. There was a significant difference in the rate of preterm labor (5.1% vs. 1.3%) and the rate of fetal mortality (25% vs. 1.7%) between patients with and without a perforated appendix. Conclusion: Delaying surgery correlates to more advanced disease with an increased risk of perforation. This contributes to an increased risk of further complications, including premature labor or abortion, and to higher maternal complication rates. Prompt diagnosis may improve the prenatal outcome.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in pre and post hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients from Western region of Nepal.

Objective: To evaluate the oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in pre and post hemodialy- sis in chronic renal failure patients using a diacetate cellulose membrane. Background: Chronic Renal Failure is a gradual, progressive and irreversible loss of normal functioning of kidneys. This is associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative stress. No studies have been undertaken in this area in Nepal. Method: The study groups were devided into chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis (n=52) and healthy controls (n=52). Diacetate cellulose was used as dialyzer membrane for chronic renal failure patients. Blood samples were collected in EDTAbottles and plasma was used for the estimation of oxidative stress marker, total antioxidant activity, vita- min C, α-tocopherol, urea and creatinine. Results: There was significant reduction in the levels of vitamin C,α -tocopherol and total antiox- idant activity in post dialysis patients compared to predialysis and control groups (p<0.001). Plasma urea and creatinine levels were high in predialysis patients compared to controls and was significantly reduced after dialysis. Significantly elevated malondialdehyde levelswere found in chronic renal failure patients before and after dialysis when compared with controls. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that there are reduced levels antioxidants in chronic renal patients in pre and post dialysis condition and also more loss of antioxidants after dialysis. All these condition leads to increased oxidative stress in these patients.

Gall bladder stones: surgical treatment.

Background: There is higher incidence of gall stones in Karnataka and more commonly seen in women aged between 25 to 55 years. In this study men are also encountered with gall stone. As all the gall stones cannot be removed by laparoscopic procedure, the complicated and adherent gall bladder with stones and where laparoscopic procedure is not available are removed by conventional open method of cholecystectomy and in this study open cholecystectomy procedure is dealt in detail. Methods: Open cholecystectomy through Right Kocher’s incision. Results: In this study of 10 cases with complications of gall stones dealt surgically by doing open cholecystectomy gave satisfactory postoperative results without much postoperative complications. Conclusions: Among 10 cases of open cholecystectomy 6 cases were done through duct first method and 4 cases were done through fundus 1st method, which gave good results and less postoperative complications.